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Organ transplant recipients are at a high risk of infection with high hospitalization rate, critical rate and fatality, due to low immune function caused by taking immunosuppressants for a period of long time after organ transplantation. Currently, vaccination is recognized as an effective approach to prevent infection. Organ transplant recipients may be vaccinated according to individual conditions. However, the sensitivity to vaccines may decline in organ transplant recipients. The types, methods and timing of vaccination have constantly been the hot spots of clinical trials. In this article, the general principles, specific vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines of vaccination in organ transplant recipients were briefly reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the vaccination of organ transplant recipients. Moreover, current status of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for organ transplant recipients was illustrated under the global outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.Copyright © 2022 Journal of Zhongshan University. All Rights Reserved.
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Various types of viral diseases are emerging as the largest menace human beings have faced in the last few decades. Since the arrival of human immunodeficiency virus, the world has seen the emergence of deadly viruses like bird flu, Ebola, Nypah, Hanta, SARS, MERS, and currently the SARS-CoV-2. Other viral diseases like herpes, human papilloma virus, and hepatitis have become so common that despite their widespread infection rates, causes of liver and cervical cancer and consequent mortalities, they have not caught the attention of the general people in a way SARS-CoV-2 has done. Unlike small pox, polio, several types of hepatitis, and, to a certain extent, HPV, most other viral diseases have proved difficult to cure with vaccines or drugs. As with many other diseases, plants can form a possible source of therapeutics for HPV. There are around 250,000 species of flowering plants in the world;each species contain a range of phytochemicals with diverse pharmacological activities. For instance, over four dozen plants have been identified with antiviral activity against herpes virus, while a number of other plants and phytochemicals have shown promise against various viruses. Promising antiviral phytochemicals include coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. This chapter will attempt to summarize the present state of knowledge regarding plants, formulations, and phytochemicals (against HPV) and discuss the potential of drug discovery from the promising phytochemicals. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.
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Nanomaterials have wide-ranging biomedical applications in prevention, treatment and control of diseases. Nanoparticle based vaccines have proven prodigious prophylaxis of various infectious and non-infectious diseases of human and animal concern. Nano-vaccines outnumber the conventional vaccines by virtue of plasticity in physio-chemical properties and ease of administration. The efficacy of nano-based vaccines may be attributed to the improved antigen stability, minimum immuno-toxicity, sustained release, enhanced immunogenicity and the flexibility of physical features of nanoparticles. Based on these, the nano-based vaccines have potential to evoke both cellular and humoral immune responses. Targeted and highly specific immunological pathways required for solid and long lasting immunity may be achieved with specially engineered nano-vaccines. This review presents an insight into the prevention of infectious diseases (of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin) and non-infectious diseases (cancer, auto-immune diseases) using nano-vaccinology. Additionally, key challenges to the effective utilization of nano-vaccines from bench to clinical settings have been highlighted as research domains for future.
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Aim: At the beginning of 2020, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in China. While there are several studies currently being performed to investigate the multi-organ symptoms of COVID-19 infection, significant attention has yet to be paid to its presence in the cervix. This article aims to establish a medical hypothesis of its association with HPV infection as well as the potential impact of COVID-19 infection on the female genital tract. Material(s) and Method(s): This prospective cohort study was performed in ... Research and Training Hospital between January 1 and July 30, 2020. Cervicovaginal samples (co-test) were taken at the gynecological oncology unit, and both HPV screening and Pap smear were studied with the liquid-based method. Two groups of patients who were confirmed by PCR test to have had COVID-19 infection in the last 6 months and patients who did not have a history of infection were included in the study. Result(s): A total of 310 participants were evaluated in the study. Of these participants, 30 (9.7%) were confirmed to have undergone COVID-19 by PCR test. There was no significant difference between the total positive smear results in both groups. However, the rate of HPV-16 positive patients was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (2.5% vs 10.0%, p=0.027). Discussion(s): As a result, COVID-19 infection may increase the frequency of HPV-16. Apart from this, it can be said that this increase is not reflected in the frequency of cervical cytopathology.Copyright © 2022, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Adult vaccination rates are low in the United States, despite clear benefits for reducing morbidity and mortality. Vaccine science is evolving rapidly, and family physicians must maintain familiarity with the most recent guidelines. The recommended adult immunization schedule is updated annually by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All eligible patients should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to the current guidelines. Adults without contraindications should also receive an annual influenza vaccine. Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for adults with specific risk factors. All pregnant patients, adults younger than 60 years, and those 60 years and older who have risk factors should receive a hepatitis B vaccine. A 15- or 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended for all patients who are 65 years and older. Patients who receive 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should receive a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine one year later. Adults 19 to 64 years of age should receive a pneumococcal vaccination if they have medical risk factors. A single dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine is recommended for adults without presumptive immunity, and additional doses are recommended for patients with HIV and postdelivery for pregnant patients who are not immune to rubella. A tetanus and diphtheria toxoids booster is recommended every 10 years. For pregnant patients and those in close contact with young infants, a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine should be administered. The human papillomavirus vaccine is recommended for all people through 26 years of age. Herpes zoster vaccine is indicated for all adults 50 years and older.Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Family Physicians.
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Introduction: Google Trends is an online metadata platform that measures the relative search volume of every topic in online search engines. In medical settings, this behavior has been associated with active changes in people's perceptions and search for healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the online search patterns of Portuguese extra-program and risk-based vaccination. Method(s): Analysis of the relative search volume was performed for extra-program and risk-based vaccines, in every Portuguese district between 2006 and 2021. Relative search volume was represented between 0 and 100 (highest interest in the query). Result(s): Rotavirus vaccine was consistently the most searched, followed by BCG and flu, the last of which, with abnormal peaks of search in November 2009 and October 2020. We registered a significant increase in the search for every vaccine in the last 5 years (p < 0.01). Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a more abrupt increase was registered for the flu vaccine, but most importantly for BCG (3,0[69,9] vs. 9,0[528,0]). Lisboa and Porto are the only Portuguese districts where percentual research is spread across all types of vaccines. On the other hand, in Portalegre, 84% of total searches correspond to BCG. Discussion and Conclusion(s): The recent increase in the interest in vaccination may translate into the investment of health professionals in primary prevention measures. However, the mediatic impact of pandemics is not neglectable. Health professionals must fight misinformation as it may have happened with the increasing interest in BCG, probably due to the protective association proposed with the infection by SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s).
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Objective: An increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been reported in children with asthma before the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines (PVs). However, the evidence is limited after PV entered the routine immunization schedule. We aimed to investigate whether pediatric allergists recommend additional PV (aPV) to asthmatic children and if so whether there are any asthma-specific risk factors they consider. We also wanted to determine any changes in their recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): A questionnaire was e-mailed to all members of the Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma in Turkey. The questionnaire was filled online and consisted of 14 questions. Result(s): The questionnaire was e-mailed to 220 members. The response rate was 56.3% and 60.5% of PA recommended aPV. The most frequent asthma specific factors for aPV were severe asthma (70.2%), long term oral corticosteroid use (65.3%) and frequent exacerbations / hospitalizations (62.9%). COVID-19 pandemic increased the rate of questions asked to PA about aPV for asthmatic children compared to previous periods (75.8 vs 33.9%) (p<0.001) and %27 of PA changed their recommendations in favor of aPV during pandemic. Conclusion(s): Asthmatic children is not infrequent. Severe asthma and related factors seem to be the leading reasons to recommend aPV for asthmatic children. The aPV recommendation by PA is increased during COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © 2022 Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi. All rights reserved.
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In 2023, the process of gradually introducing universal, free HPV vaccination into the vaccination program for children in Poland began. For this reason, the attitudes of parents of adolescents toward these vaccinations were examined in this study. The survey was conducted among 360 parents of children (girls and boys) aged 9-15. To achieve the best possible representativeness of the sample, parents were selected for the survey using a random-quota method. The survey was carried out using the CATI. The surveyed parents declared a high level of knowledge about HPV and awareness of HPV vaccination (74.2% of parents had heard of HPV, and 61.4% had heard of the HPV vaccine). The study showed a statistically significant relationship between parents' education and knowledge of HPV infection - the higher the parent's (mother or father) education, the higher the declared knowledge. Education was also a statistically significant factor influencing the declaration of vaccinating a child against HPV. In addition to parental education, the gender of the child was also a significant factor influencing willingness to vaccinate against HPV. Parents of boys were significantly more likely - than parents of girls - to declare that they would not vaccinate their sons against HPV. A significant factor influencing declarations to vaccinate against HPV was the child's vaccination against COVID-19. The study results indicate a strong correlation between parental education and parental knowledge and attitudes about HPV and the HPV vaccine.
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COVID-19 , Papillomavirus Infections , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Male , Child , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Poland , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Vaccination , Parents , Patient Acceptance of Health CareABSTRACT
To assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected catch-up HPV vaccination among age-eligible adults (ages 18–45). The current study leverages a national, cross-sectional sample of US adults ages 18–45 years to assess the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions to catch-up HPV vaccination in 2021. The sample was restricted to adults intending to receive the HPV vaccine. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the probability of 1) pandemic-related HPV vaccination disruption and 2) uncertainty about pandemic-related HPV vaccination disruption. Report of ‘no pandemic-related HPV vaccination disruption' served as the reference category. Among adults intending to get the HPV vaccine (n = 1,683), 8.6 % reported pandemic-related HPV vaccination disruption, 14.7 % reported uncertainty about vaccination disruption, and 76.7 % reported no disruption. Factors associated with higher odds of pandemic-related vaccination disruption included non-English language preference (OR: 3.20;95 % CI: 1.99–5.13), being a parent/guardian (OR: 1.77;95 % CI: 1.18–2.66), having at least one healthcare visit in the past year (OR: 1.97;95 % CI: 1.10–3.53), being up-to-date on the tetanus vaccine (OR: 1.81;95 % CI: 1.19–2.75), and being a cancer survivor (OR: 2.57;95 % CI: 1.52–4.34). Catch-up HPV vaccination for age-eligible adults is a critical public health strategy for reducing HPV-related cancers. While a small percentage of adults reported pandemic-related disruptions to HPV vaccination, certain adults (e.g., individuals with a non-English language preference and cancer survivors) were more likely to report a disruption. Interventions may be needed that increase accessibility of catch-up HPV vaccination among populations with reduced healthcare access during the pandemic. © 2022 The Authors
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Purpose: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the approved age range for the 9vHPV vaccine from 9-26 years to 9-45 years in 2018. However, research has still pointed to low vaccination rates among adult women. This could likely be due to missed opportunities as they must have aged out and be ineligible for the vaccine prior to the expansion. Therefore, this study assesses a better understanding of patient's (particularly mothers) preferences of receiving the HPV vaccine to provide quantitative estimates of potential vaccine uptake. Methods: We conducted a descriptive questionnaire survey among women participating in an Open-Label Clinical Trial evaluating the Immunogenicity of the 9vHPV Vaccination Regimen over 6 months among women aged 16 to 45 years old. The survey was fielded to a sample of 245 women receiving care at Boston Medical Center, who had not yet received the HPV vaccine. We used a two-sided Fisher's exact test (because >20% of the expected cell count is less than 5) to compare the responses to two closed-ended questions: "If your daughter or son's doctor offered you the HPV vaccine during your child's visit, would you decide to get the vaccine?” and "Would you prefer to receive the HPV vaccine through your primary care physician instead of your child's care doctor?”. The mean and standard deviation (sd) were reported for continuous variables whereas proportions were reported for dichotomous and categorical data. All analyses were performed using SAS (9.4). Results: We had a diverse study population with a mean age of 32 years (sd=7.86), 25.75% were African American, 20.60% were Hispanics, 21.46 % were Asians, 18.88% were White and 13.31% were Others. We used cross tabulation to describe the relationship between the two variables of interest. Results indicate that 85.11% of women are willing to receive the vaccine from their child's doctor;however, are unwilling to receive it through their own primary care provider. Whereas 7.76% women preferred receiving the vaccine from their primary care physician and are unsure or unwilling to get it from their child's doctor. Also, 67.74% of women indicated their willingness to get the vaccine from their child's doctor;however, were unsure about getting it through their primary care physician. We did a two-sided Fisher's exact test of proportions of p < 0.0001 and concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between women who preferred receiving the HPV vaccine through their child's provider and women willing to receive it through their primary care provider (assuming a significance level of 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mothers would prefer getting the HPV vaccine for themselves at their child's doctor visit, if it was offered to them. Influenza and Covid vaccines are offered to parents/guardians in pediatric offices, and this should be implemented for HPV vaccine as well. This would increase the vaccination rates, given children tend to have an increased number of visits prior to the adolescent years and parents are likely to accompany their children to these visits. Sources of Support: cdc.gov.
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BACKGROUND: HPV vaccination has been recommended and reimbursed for girls in Germany since 2007. In June 2018 the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommended the gender-neutral vaccination of adolescents aged 9 to 14 years with catch-up through age 17. Objectives of this study were to describe the uptake of vaccination in boys before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study used data from a proprietary electronic medical record database and a database with information on nationally dispensed vaccine doses. The monthly number of first doses of HPV vaccinations in boys and girls aged 9-17 years in the period from 01/2018 to 12/2021 was determined. In addition, for boys the cumulative vaccination rates were calculated for initiated and completed vaccination series. RESULTS: Four months after the introduction of mandatory reimbursement for boys, the monthly numbers of first doses were comparable to that of girls. Compared to the same month in 2019, the number of first doses declined by up to 49% (girls) in 2020 and 71% (boys) in 2021. At the end of 2021, the vaccination rate for 15-year-old boys (2006 birth cohort) reached 44.4% for initiated and 26.4% for completed series. CONCLUSION: After an initial dynamic increase in HPV vaccinations in boys, the impact of COVID-19 was particularly strong in the second year of the pandemic. At the end of 2021 vaccination rates were still low. Efforts are needed to catch-up on adolescents that missed doses during the pandemic and to increase uptake.
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Introduction and aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection, the prevalent HPV genotypes in women and men with recurrent genital infections, and the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the HPV prevention program. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Duhok city, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, between January 2018 and September 2020. We recruited patients from an infectious disease clinic, who were married, were older than 18 years, and agreed to participate in this study. A reverse hybridisation-based assay was used to identify the HPV genotypes prevalent in these patients. Results: Among the patients in the study, 20.9% (67/320) tested positive for HPV infection. The HPV prevalence in females was 18.8% (52/276), which was lower than that in males (34.1%,15/44) (p = 0.21). Thirty-six patients (11.3%) were infected with a single HPV genotype, seventeen (5.3%) with two HPV genotypes, eight (2.5%) with three HPV genotypes, and the remaining six (1.8%) with four or more HPV genotypes. The most common genotypes detected among the patients were HPV-6 (7.2%), -11 (3.8%), and -16 (3.4%). The prevalence of all HPV genotype infections was highest and lowest in the 18-25- and 36-45-year age groups, respectively (X 2 = 8.24; p = 0.041). The number of referred patients substantially reduced from 12 patients per month to 1 patient per month during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: HPV infection was common in the study population. The most common genotypes were HPV 6, 11, and 16, against which vaccines are available. Further population-based studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of such an infection.
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Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a cancer prevention tool, yet vaccination coverage among adolescents remains suboptimal in the United States. Research shows significant disparate incidence and mortality rates of HPV-related cancers in Puerto Rico (PR). In 2018, the PR Department of Health (DOH) enacted an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement for adolescents 11 to 12 years old, and on August 2020 extended the requirement to include adolescents up to 16 years old. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, during March-August 2020, national data showed that HPV vaccine uptake rates decreased about 75%. Public health measures, such as stay-at-home orders, may have caused this decline by limiting access to preventive services. Our study explored, using a qualitative assessment, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in PR. Method(s): We conducted 26 interviews with stakeholders from schools, DOH employees, Department of education staff, health providers, and community-based organizations from 08/2021-03/2022. Interviews were recorded and transcribed in Spanish. Data were analyzed using applied thematic techniques by two trained coders using Atlas-ti 8. We discussed eight of these interviews among the team to identify major barriers related to the HPV school-entry implementation during the pandemic. Result(s): Our analysis identified the following preliminary emergent themes including: (1) lockdown limitations and access barriers to the vaccine and (2) shifting immunization priorities. Most participants noted that the March 2020 lockdown limited parents' ability to get their kids vaccinated and for schools to monitor the vaccine requirements;however, as vaccination centers and schools re-opened, gradually, vaccination processes increased. Participants described how during the pandemic, public health agencies prioritized the COVID-19 vaccine missing other vaccines that are required for school-entry, including the HPV vaccine. Discussion(s): Continuation of the implementation of the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement was challenging during early stages of the pandemic due to public health measures enacted to stop the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, once the COVID-19 vaccine was available, public heath vaccination priorities shifted. Nonetheless these barriers, efforts to increase HPV vaccine to pre-pandemic rates should continue, including providing educational support to parents, increase vaccine promotion, and creating community collaborations. As new guidelines recommend COVID-19 boosters, for everyone ages 5 years and older, this opportunity could serve to vaccinate against HPV as part of the bundling implementation of the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement.
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Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Puerto Rico (PR) had one of the highest Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine rates in the United States. Yet, widespread misleading information about the COVID19 vaccine might negatively impact HPV vaccine attitudes. This study aims to assess and compare HPV and COVID-19 vaccines attitudes toward school-entry policies among adults living in PR. A convenience sample of 222 adults (>=21 years old) living in PR were recruited through social media and completed an online survey from November 2021 to January 2022. Participants answered questions about HPV and COVID-19 vaccines knowledge (ranging from 0=none to 3=high knowledge), attitudes toward vaccination policies for school-entry, and perceptions of trusted and untrusted sources of information. Descriptive statistics were computed to identify the demographics characteristics of the participants. We also estimated the prevalence ratio (PRadjusted) using a logistic regression model to assess the magnitude of association between COVID-19 vaccination for the school-entry policy and HPV vaccination for school-entry policy agreement, adjusting for different confounders. The mean age of the study sample was 36.73 +/- 11.18 years. The majority of the sample were female (87%, n=194), with at least some college of education (92%;n=205) and employed (61%;n=165). One-fifth of the participants reported having children between ages 11 and 16 (n=46). Participants' perceived knowledge about the HPV vaccine was moderate (mean=1.72;SD=1.12), while for COVID-19 vaccine was moderately high (mean=2.47;SD=.68). The most trusted form of information for HPV and COVID-19 vaccines were health care providers (42% and 17%, respectively), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (35% and 55%, respectively), and the Department of Health (15% and 19%, respectively). The least trusted source of information included social media (40% and 39%, respectively), friends and family (23% n=47, and 17% n=33, respectively), and the Department of Health (15% n=30, and 18% n=36, respectively). More than half of the participants agreed that HPV (76% n=156) and COVID vaccines (69% n=136) should be required for school-entry. Agreement with COVID-19 vaccination for the school-entry policy was significantly associated with HPV vaccination for school-entry policy agreement (PRadjusted:1.96;95% CI:1.48-2.61) after controlling for age, sex, education, and having children between age 11 and 16. Findings suggest that adults living in PR have an overall positive attitude about mandatory HPV and COVID-19 vaccination school-entry policies, and these attitudes are interrelated. Yet, it is concerning that the Department of Health is identified as one of the least trusted sources of information, as it has a prominent role in implementing HPV and COVID-19 vaccine policies in PR. Further research should elucidate why the Department of Health is considered an untrusted source of information among adults living in PR and evaluate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on HPV vaccine attitudes and adherence rates.
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Background At least 80% of new cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in low- and middleincome countries. Vietnam is a middle-income country where cervical cancer is the second most common and the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Cervical cancer incidence in Southern Vietnam has been shown to be 1.5-4 times higher than that in Northern Vietnam. However, less than 10% of Southern Vietnamese women have received the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and only 50% have ever been screened for cervical cancer. No study has examined the perceptions toward cervical cancer prevention and screening in Southern Vietnamese women. Hence, this study aimed to explore cervical cancer awareness, barriers to screening, and acceptability of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening among rural and urban women in Southern Vietnam. Methods In October-November 2021, three focus groups were conducted in the rural district of Can Gio (n=21 participants) and three were conducted in the urban District Four (n=23 participants) in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam. All participants were cervical cancer-free women aged 30-65 years. Awareness of, attitudes toward, and experience with cervical cancer prevention and screening were explored using audio-recorded, semi-structured discussions in Vietnamese. During the focus groups, participants also watched four short videos with Vietnamese subtitles and voiceover about cervical cancer screening methods and discussed their views on each. The recordings were transcribed, translated into English, and coded and analyzed using Dedoose 9.0.46. Results Four main themes emerged. First, women showed low awareness, but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. Second, screening barriers were related to logistics (e.g., cost, time, travel distance), psychology (e.g., fear of pain, embarrassment, fear of the test revealing they had cancer), and healthcare providers (e.g., doctors' impolite manners, male doctors). Third, women were concerned about self-sampling incorrectly and pain, but believed HPV self-sampling to be a feasible screening tool in some circumstances (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic, those living in remote areas). Fourth, women related cervical cancer prevention to COVID-19 prevention;they believed strategies that have been successful for COVID-19 control in Vietnam could be applied to cervical cancer. No differences in themes emerged by rural/urban areas. Conclusions Southern Vietnamese women showed low awareness but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening despite barriers. Strategies for successful COVID-19 control in Vietnam, including campaigns to increase public awareness, advocacy from the government and doctors, and efforts to increase access to screening and vaccination, should be applied to cervical cancer control. Health education programs to address HPV self-sampling concerns and promote it as a cervical cancer screening tool are warranted given its potential to improve screening uptake in this low-resource setting.
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Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers disproportionately impact Latinos. While data for English-speaking (ES) and Spanish-speaking (SS) Latinos is usually aggregated, differences in acculturation, sociodemographic characteristics, and health behaviors make it important to understand the factors impacting HPV vaccination among these groups separately. This understanding is crucial to improving HPV vaccination disparities as COVID-19 vaccinations have exacerbated issues of vaccine hesitancy and medical mistrust. Method(s): Self-administered online surveys examining HPV vaccine hesitancy in an urban, diverse community with low HPV vaccine uptake were completed by parents of adolescents (N=357) in English or Spanish. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to understand if medical mistrust, vaccine hesitancy, HPV knowledge, healthcare utilization and sociodemographic factors impact adolescent HPV vaccine uptake among ES and SS parents of Latino adolescents ages 12-17. Factors significant at p<.01 in the bivariate analyses were included in multivariable logistic regression models for each group. Result(s): 136 parents of adolescents aged 12-17 identified as Latino;56% completed the survey in English and 44% in Spanish. Bivariate analyses found significant associations between decreased HPV vaccine uptake and male parent/caregiver sex, higher HPV vaccine hesitancy, higher HPV knowledge, male adolescent sex, not receiving the flu vaccine and not receiving a provider recommendation to vaccinate against HPV among ES parents. In SS parents, parents aged 41-50 (compared to <40) and higher medical mistrust were associated with higher HPV vaccination;while male adolescent gender, not receiving TDAP immunization, and not receiving a provider recommendation to vaccinate against HPV were associated with lower HPV vaccine uptake. Multivariable regression models found that adolescents of ES parents were less likely to have initiated the HPV vaccine series if the parent/caregiver was male (OR=0.07, 95% CI:0.03,1.28), had higher HPV knowledge (OR=0.53, 95% CI:0.29,0.96), and did not receive a provider recommendation to vaccinate against HPV (OR=0.12, 95% CI:0.003,0.55). SS parents with higher medical mistrust (OR=7.27, 95% CI:1.14,46.41) and those aged 41-50 compared to parents younger than 40 (OR=18.19, 95% CI:0.28,407.78) were more likely to have adolescents who initiated the HPV vaccine series, while those without a provider recommendation to vaccinate had lower odds of HPV vaccine uptake (OR=0.004, 95% CI:<0.01,0.11). Discussion(s): Aligned with the literature, provider recommendation to vaccinate against HPV significantly impacted vaccination behavior among ES and SS parents. Interventions should focus on improving provider recommendations and communications with Latino parents of adolescents. More research should explore the surprising associations between higher medical mistrust and higher odds of HPV vaccination among SS parents, and more HPV knowledge and lower odds of HPV vaccination among ES parents.
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Background: Vaccine hesitancy is defined as "delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services". When individuals choose not to get vaccinated, efforts to control the spread of the disease are hindered. Despite scientific evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, one in four adults in the United States is not fully vaccinated. However, some individuals, despite being previously vaccine-hesitant got the COVID-19 vaccine and vice versa, leading to an intention-behavior gap. In this study, we ask an important question: What sociodemographic, psychological, ideological, and communication-related factors can contribute to the vaccination-related intention-behavior gap? An understanding of these factors can also help create communication strategies to encourage the vaccine-hesitant to get vaccinated, especially in populations where there are greater vaccine disparities. Method(s): This longitudinal study uses two nationally representative surveys of Americans from 2020 and 2021 to determine the factors that contribute to COVID-19 vaccination-related intention-behavior gap and overcome vaccine hesitancy, using multivariable logistic regression. Result(s): The results indicated that 51% of previously vaccine-hesitant individuals were vaccinated against COVID-19, and only 14% of previously provaccine individuals remained unvaccinated. Some factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccine-hesitant individuals getting vaccinated were high perceptions of risk, high vaccine acceptance, being informed about the vaccines, endorsing less COVID-19 misinformation, having confidence in scientists, being over 60 years old, and being female. Alternatively, some factors associated with a lower likelihood of pro-vaccine individuals not getting vaccinated were high perceptions of risk, high vaccine acceptance, being informed about the vaccines, identifying as a Republican, having confidence in scientists, having access to healthcare, and having higher education. Conclusion(s): The study indicates that it is possible to convince the vaccine-hesitant individuals to get vaccinated as well as prevent the pro-vaccine individuals from realizing their vaccination intentions. Developing evidence-based persuasive and targeted communication strategies can help convince the unvaccinated and increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Targeted communication strategies can also help reduce disparities among populations that have lower vaccination rates. Moreover, such strategies may also be useful to increase the uptake of other vaccines such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to lower the rates of HPV-attributable cancers in the United States.
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Aiming to further the Immunization Partners in Asia Pacific (IPAP)'s vision of a world where no one suffers from a vaccine preventable disease, the 8th Asian Vaccine Conference (ASVAC 2022) was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka and virtually from 15 to 18, September 2022 (www.asianvaccine.com). This conference followed those held in Siem Reap, Cambodia (2009), Manila, Philippines (2010), Jakarta, Indonesia (2011), Cebu, Philippines (2013), Hanoi, Vietnam (2015), Singapore (2017) and Naypyidaw and Yangon, Myanmar (2019). The ASVAC2022 themed "Immunization: in Era of Pandemics," commenced with the EPI Managers' Workshop, followed by pre-conference workshops and Vaccinology Masterclass, followed by the main conference featuring 5 plenary lectures, 6 partner-led symposia, free paper and poster presentations, and industry-supported lunch and evening sessions. There were over 1830 registered participants, with 112 attending in person and 998 virtually from 63 countries. The conference was organized by IPAP and hosted by the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Forum of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka College of Pediatricians, Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists and College of General Practitioners of Sri Lanka, with the support of the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. The 9th ASVAC is scheduled to be held in Davao City, Philippines in late 2023.
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Vaccines , Humans , Philippines , Indonesia , Vaccination , Sri LankaABSTRACT
Objectives: The French Cancer Plan 2021-2030 targeted to reach 80% of HPV vaccine coverage. The PAPILLON study aimed to monitor HPV VCR from 2017 to 2022 using French National claims database through several indicators: age-specific initiation rates, full schemes, and cumulative VCR. Method(s): All females eligible for HPV vaccine in 2017-2020 were included. Estimations of annual HPV vaccine initiation rates were carried out on 11-14 (target population) and 15-19 year-old females (catch-up). Cumulative VCR at a given age were estimated on girls aged between 11 and 19 at the time of first vaccination. Partial scheme was defined by the dispensing of at least one dose of HPV vaccine, while full scheme was defined by two or three dispensing of doses over an 18-month period, according to current French recommendations. Result(s): During 2017 and 2020, 1,056,288 females received at least one dose of HPV vaccine;the annual initiation rate ranged between 7.7 and 13.4% in 11-14 year-old, and 4.5 and 7.0% in 15-19 year-old;56.9% received a full scheme. Overall, 65.0% of initiations were between 11 and 14 years-old, with a median interval between the first two doses of 188 days (IQR=143 days). In 2020, except for 11-year-old, all initiation rates decreased compared to 2019. Cumulative VCR for full scheme ranged between 15.5% and 24.2% by age 16 and 25.8% and 20.8% by age 20. Conclusion(s): HPV VCR increased between 2017 and 2020, but remains well below target. Interval between doses seems to be well respected, but completion to full scheme remains an issue. The disruption due to COVID19 lockdown was observed in 2020, which highlights the need for catching up on vaccination in these young women and consideration for expansion of age cohort. Many young women them would age out of the current recommendations particularly in the oldest cohorts. Copyright © 2022